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President’s Message會長的話

United Nations can be better

In this issue, our theme is to promote the idea of a peaceful world so that the people can built on what the relatively peaceful world has achieved over last 30 years or so. We published the special “Address to the 67th General Assembly general debate” on 25 September 2012 by Secretary-General of United Nations Ban Ki-moon. He summed up very well what we as a human family has achieved and failed to achieved so far. He outlined what we can do to help the world developed into a better place for all global citizens. It is always a ‘big ask’ as we know there are so many mountains to climb and so many rivers to cross. There are human weaknesses to overcome etc.

The successful nations in this century have many things in common. First and fore most, as an independent nation, Governments of various persuasion, have to overcome many obstacles and strike for a peaceful environment which enables them to create jobs, development and security for its citizens. Domestically a nation must set up democratic institutions to ensure good governance applies to all the citizens and their leaders. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Individual with unchecked military power can upsurge a peaceful and successful nation overnight. It can also create war with other nation. That will affect the economy and lives of many citizens around the world. We see that time and time again in history.

Ban Ki-moon pointed out in his address the following ingredients for good governance and government, without them there will be no successful developed nations.

1. Just as there can be no peace without development, there can be no development without peace.
2. We shall have neither peace nor development without respect for human rights and the rule of law.
3. Freedom of speech and assembly are fundamental. But neither of these freedoms is a license to incite or commit violence. The moderate majority should not be a silent majority. It must empower itself, and say to bigots and extremists alike: “you do not speak for us”.
4. Responsible political and community leaders; have always put people first, and challenges at the centre; have worked together for solutions to the problems that matter to people by day – and that keep them up at night.

United Nations must be bold to set up international rule of law and model of good governance and government for all its nations to emulate. UN must also be bold enough through the concerted effort of all the successful developed nations, to help the governments and peoples of the failed state to right their wrongs through the international rule of law and not rule of force. Hence we have to restrict the use and the expansion of military power of all nations and channel their resources to peace, sustainable development and security through the rule of universal civilized rule of laws. Let the rule of law take care of incompetent leaders of failed state so that their peoples will not suffer but can flourish and help themselves.

That is my wish list for UNITED NATIONS in the 21st Century.

Dr Ka Sing Chua

President, World Huaren Federation

www.huaren.org

27 September 2012

联合国可以做得更好

2012年9月27日

在本期期刊中，我们的主题是促进一个和平世界的理念, 基于这一理念人们便能在过去30多年来相对和平的世界中所取得成就的基础上继往开来。我们刊登了联合国秘书长潘基文在2012年9月25日67届联合国大会一般性辩论时的专门发言，他总结得很好，他说：我们作为一个人类的大家庭至今为止已经取得了不少成就但也有失败之处，他概括说我们可以帮助世界发展成为对所有全球公民来说一个更好居住的地方。这始终是一个很高的要求，因为我们知道有许多高山峻岭需要攀登，有许多湍急的河流需要涉过，也有人类的弱点等需要克服。

成功的国家在本世纪有许多共同之处。首先，作为一个独立的国家，持有不同理念的政府必须克服许多障碍并努力争取一个和平的环境为其公民创造就业机会，提供发展和安全的保障。在国内，一个国家必须建立民主体制以确保适用于其公民和领导人的良好的管理。权力腐化人和绝对权力绝对腐化。具有未受控制和节制军权的政客个人能在昼夜之间便可颠覆一个和平和成功的国家，也能制造与他国的战争。这就会影响世界各地许多公民的经济和生活。我们反复目睹这样的历史重现。

潘基文在发言中指出以下几点是良好治理和好政府的要素，没有这些要素不可能有成功发达的国家。

1. 正如没有发展就不可能有和平，没有和平也不可能有发展。

2. 如果我们不尊重人权和法治我们既没有和平也没有发展。

3. 言论和集会自由是基本要素。但是这两者的自由绝不是为鼓励和行使暴力开绿灯。温和的大多数不应当是默不着声的大多数，而应当对持有偏见和极端分子之类说：你不代表我们说话。

4. 有关的政治和社区领导人应当始终把人民放在首位，把挑战作为自己的中心，共同致力于及时解决人民日思夜想，夜不能眠的问题。

联合国必须勇于建立一个有效和良好的国际法治以及为其所有成员国树立可以仿效的良好管理和好政府的楷模。联合国也必须勇于凝集所有成功发达国家的经验,具体努力去帮助那些不成功国家的政府和人民.并通过有效可行的国际法治而不是通过武力,去纠正他们的错误。我们因此必须限制所有国家使用和扩充军事力量并通过世界文明法治鼓厉所有国家把资源用于和平、稳定发展和安全社会的道路上。用国际法治来管制那些不成功国家和不称职的领导人从而使他们的人民不再受人祸的痛苦，而能和平发展，并能自己帮助自己。

这是我在21世纪对联合国的愿望。

蔡家声医生, 世界华人联络会主席

www.huaren.org

Editorial

Diaoyu or Senkaku Islands?

Situated between the Ryukyu Kingdom and Qing Empire, the Diaoyu Islands (pronounced in two syllabus [diào yú], mot to be pronounced as “di – a – yu”) became the focus of recent flare up between China and Japan in recent days.

Inevitably nationalism and patriotism were high in both countries.

An opinion poll in Japan indicated that 92% of the population supported their government’s decision to buy over the disputed islands, which sparked the present crisis.

In China there were massive demonstrations, called to boycott Japanese goods and threats to further limit sales of rare earth to Japan, so as to “make the Japanese suffer economically”. Japanese auto companies suspended their production in China. Throughout the world, many ethnic Chinese demonstrate in front of Japanese embassies / consulates to stage their protest.

From a historical perspective, as early as 1534, CHEN Kan 陈侃, a Chinese envoy recorded the island as he passed them, marking them on his map. The Chinese have effectively located these islands and named them as “fishing islands” [diaoyudao] 钓鱼岛, since the 16th century.

The hand written records of a maritime cartographer and traveler ZHUANG Tingfu 庄廷敷（1728—1800） is of particular interests. Written during the reign of Jia Qing清代嘉庆 (Qing dynasty), is the “pearls of record” 记事珠. According to the dairy records on May 13^th 1808 the Chinese Ambassador to Japan QI Kun 齐鲲 and his deputy FEI Xizhang 费锡章 paid a visit to CEFUNG to the rulers of Rukyu Kigdom. The records indicated it was only after they pass the Chinese territory of Gumi mountains 姑米山 and Heishuigou黑水沟 that they would reach Rukyu Islands. Situated before the Gumi Mountains, the Diaoyu Islands clearly belonged to the Chinese territory.

Indeed a 1785 Japanese map, the Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu (三国通覧図説) by Hayashi Shihei adopted the Chinese kanji (釣魚臺 Diaoyutai) to these islands, which were painted in the same colour as China.

About 80 years later the Meiji government formally annexed the Ryukyu Kingdoms as Okinawa Prefecture in 1879.

The first Japanese record of the “discovery” of the islands was made in 1884.

In 1885 the governor of Okinawa Prefecture Nishimura Sutezo petitioned the Meiji government (central government of Japan) for formal control of the islands. It is relevant to note that Inoue Kaoru, Japanese Foreign Minister, commented that these islands lay nearer to the border area with Qing Empire. Taking this into consideration the Minister of the Interior Yamagata Aritomo turned down the request to incorporate the islands into Japanese territory.

As Japan acquired technology from the West, they were able to defeat the Chinese in military actions. On 14^th January 1895 (during the first Sino-Japanese War), Japan incorporated these islands under the administration of Okinawa porefecture, stating that it conducted surveys since their “discovery” in 1884 and found that the islands were “terra nullius”, and that there were no evidence that the islands had been under Qing Empire control.

As we know the first Sino-Japanese War (known in Chinese as甲午战争) war ended with Japan as the victor, and the Chinese were forced to sign the “Treaty of Shimonoseki”, also known as “Ma guan treaty” 马关条约. In addition to paying 200,000,000 taels of silver, China had to cede to Japan in perpetuity and full sovereignty of Taiwan, the Penghu group, and the eastern portion of the bay of Liaodong Peninsula.

Theoretically this treaty would be superseded in 1945 when Japan lost the Second World War with the Treaty of San Francisco, in which Japan relinquished the control of Taiwan together with all islands appertaining or belong to it. The dispute stems from the interpretation of whether Diaoyu Islands belong to the Island of Taiwan.

In 1972 the United States ended its occupation of Okinawa and the Ryuku Island chains.

Whether the islands are part of the Treaty of Shimonoseki or San Francisco Treaty, the traditional hatred of Japanese in China is still palpable. People in their 70s or older would be the generation who suffered under Japanese atrocities and remember vividly events such as the “Rape of Nanking”; their children and grandchildren would have learned hundreds of bitter experiences in the hands of the Japanese, including rape and various forms of torture. The lack of official apology or even an acknowledgement of the extent of war crimes and atrocities indicates that this chapter of history does not end, and the scourge of “not admittance” will haunt the Japanese for generations to come. The earlier the Japanese population is taught through their education system and the media the truth of the extent of these atrocities, the earlier the relationship between the second and third biggest economies in the world would return to a more normal level.

It is unlikely that the dispute would escalate into a full scale war. The present leaders in China place tremendous emphasis and importance on peace. The Japanese and Chinese economies are more and more mutually beneficial. Bilateral trade now stands at more than $340 billion; China is now Japan’s major export market; massive Japanese investment in China provides thousands of jobs for Chinese workers and professionals.

The Diaoyu islands episode is a stark reminder that when you are weak and down, you are likely to be bullied, even by your closest neighbour, who have learned from you in the past, who have incorporated your language, culture, and philosophy into their mindset and psyche.

E-Magazine September 2012

E-Magazine May 2012

文明法治的规则

我们人类喜欢声称人类 文明在中国和其它地方已有五千年之久。然而，我们人类的历史向我们表明的并非如此。我们离我们作为一个世界大家庭或在当今21世纪许多国家内可以足以声称我们是文明 的还有一段路要走。当然有时我们能为我们生活在文明社会所达到的成就而引以为豪。然而，最后真正的人类文明仍然在被创造之中。什么时候生活在地球村大家庭中的我们能称我们自己是‘文明’的呢？一个文明的社会或国家应当符合以下基本准则：

1. 一个社会/国家/世界应由一系列文明法治所支配，由为人民而建立，并由人民建立的属于人民的适当的执法机构 ，而不是为具体的统治集团或独裁者或为满足他们的思想、宗教统治、权力和贪婪而建立。
2. 在这些文明法治下，他们不应参与任何国内战争或国与国之间的战争。所有的争端不应通过武装暴动或暴力镇压来解决。因此，任何政治集团不应使用合法的军队获取政权或夺权。该政权应当在人民手中，由人民决定，属于人民，并为人民而存在。政权的转换应当通过和平的方式。所有人类的争端必须通过对话、仲裁、公众辩论、讨论和协商的方式解决，如果仍不能解决的话，则应通过有代表性的法庭系统和文明法治规则解决。必须设立一个用于政权转换的选举代表机构和由公民参与作决定的制度。
3. 在文明社会和国家外，任何国与国之间的争端必须如以上方式通过和平外交代表系统和联合国宪章，国际法庭解决。不得考虑诉诸任何暴力战争解决争端。对于掌权的人，无论权力大小，采用暴力解决争端以符合他们的利益是便利的作法颇具引诱力。必须有文明法治规则能推迟、制止或防止他们企图如此行事。我知道说来容易做时难，但是我们如果具有适当的计划和执法机构便能做到。

令人难过的是看到东西方的从政者企图解释他们采用暴力战争的“功效”以证明其行动是正当的。最近“反恐”战争的例子是至关重要的。从人类文明的角度来说，宾 拉登和美国总统奥巴马均属同一范畴，归入不完美的领袖。我可以提供许多其它的例子来证明我前面的说明是正确的。人类文明仍然在进化形成中，因为我们还在文明法治规则之外相互残杀。

这是一个对于史学家显而易见的例子，但是很多掌权人却不能认识到，因为权力的诱惑太强了！很不幸的是我们必须反复指出人类的软弱性和他们的失败。在阿富汗、伊拉克、利比亚、中东、柬埔寨、和泰国等互相残杀都不能根本解决问题。同样，杀了宾 拉登或总统布什也不会解决宗教和不同思想意识之间的争端。它只能极化和恶化事态。上个月我访问了柬埔寨杀人现场和‘博物馆’。确实波尔波特政权应对杀人负责，但是它的根源在于印支战争中所造成在印支地区不稳定的政治局势。这最终导致产生杀人场所，不仅在柬埔寨有，在越南、老挝、北朝鲜、和中国等都存在。最终的分析归结为政治领袖的无知，他们下令轰炸和杀人导致成千上万的生命丧失，损坏无数的基础设施和制造了在世界各处颠沛流离的数百万难民极端的痛苦。我们称自己为‘文明’人类应当引以为耻。因此我认为：建立一个将给予我们所有的人，而不仅仅给予我们中的某些人，真正的人类文明，在此文明中创造平等、博爱、自由、公正和对人类幸福的追求，距此目标我们仍然有一段路要走。

我们‘文明’的民众对奥巴马和许多其他世界性的领袖在他们掌权后抱有很多希望，因为他们声称他们希望给他们的人民、社会、国家和他们的地球村大家庭带来和平、繁荣、公正、平等和和谐。我们仍然在等待，我希望我们无须再等待另外的5000年了。1215Magna Carta大宪章的精神为在西方社会的文明法治规则设定了节奏。在中国，孔子和其他哲学家已经在很久以前就如此行了。在此之后，在世界的某些地区，我们在人类‘文明’方面已经取得了巨大的成就和进展，这些地区具有相对的和平、稳定、繁荣、公正、平等与和谐。它证明我们有知识可以如此做到。然而，我们的政治领袖仍然缺乏勇气履行会领导我们达到一个真正的‘文明社会和地球村大家庭’我们认识该作的事情。我们具有我们人类经验的综合性智慧以及引领我们的知识，例如美国独立宣言、联合国人权宣言和义务以及孔子的大同篇，综合的人类哲学以及基督教、伊斯兰教和佛教等的智慧。

我要对我们的政治领袖提出一个挑战：对美国总统奥巴马、中国的胡錦涛主席、俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫、印度总理辛格博士、联合国秘书长潘基文、欧盟主席及其领导人、澳大利亚、日本、朝鲜和东盟领导人和其他称职的政治领袖努力思考如何在他们的国家和地球村建立一个真正的没有战争和难民的文明社会—这是颇具挑战意义的。待到你们能够达到此文明治国的目标，我则无须多言了！过去的已成过去，无法挽回。然而将来仍然在我们手中。

在此我衷心对所有现代战争中的受害者和等待获救的难民们致以最良好的祝愿。

主席 蔡家声

www.huaren.org

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